Indian Farmers Agony

Indian Farmers Agony: Brimming Rice and Half PriceDr. Arvind Kumar,Associate Professor( Economics)Govt.M.G.M.P.G.College, Itarsi Dr. Archana Sharma, Associate Professor(Zoology) Govt.M.G.M.P.G.College, Itarsi In the universe, omnivorous human breed is best among all creatures, created by Almighty. Genesis extricated from the globe because of unavailability to sate their vital need. Existence of human life extremely depends upon agriculture. Food is inevitable for human life†¦ Numerous record and vocal famines in human history, have accounted millions of millions premature deaths. Therefore, foodstuffs have ever been primary concern of humanity. Therefore, our dependence upon agriculture is of utmost importance. Golden epoch of farmers and career Agriculture; backbone of economy: Farmers is an axle, around which all agricultural and industrial activities revolve. There is higher correlation between agriculture and development —whether it be household consumption, industrial, and governmental utilization or need to earn foreign cash to import national necessities. Present scenario: Nervous farmer; of late, nobody wants farming as profession cheerfully. It is very unfortunate to know that ‘ANNADATA' (Provider of food) under arrest of serious financial stress, many farmers in India, have committed suicide owning to debt. Crime Records Bureau of India in its 2012 annual report acknowledged 13,755 farmers suicide (11.2%) of overall suicides committed in India. Although The National Mental Health Association of the USA States †No matter the race or age of the person; how rich or poor they are, it is true that most people who commit suicide have a mental or emotional disorder†. Suicide is not a matter of economics. Same inference drained by the data released by World Health Organization in 2011.whereas agrarian country ,India's suicide rate was 13 per 100000; at the same time as that of industrialized nations,were often higher or comparable, South Korea 28.5, Japan 20.1.,etc. ( HINDUSTAN TIMES April 24, 2017).†¢ All above reports seems to be partially true; only to small extent. It is practical, financial stress can fetch not only mental agony but also in various cases, emotional stress as well. Financial paucity is core cause of, numerous political- socio-economical -psychological disorders. It is just a matter of time†¦..when these theories diminish and go to a nightmare. †¢ Climate change; price – output paradox: Most of the farmers in India are marginal farmers. Government of India's annual report 2016-17 Estimated average size of holding, 1.15 hectare. Farmer's heavy reliance on weather brings uncertainty of yield. Weather plays vital role for especially marginal farmers. If typical weather is friendly, harvest is good; otherwise, almost poor output is predictable. Most suicide of farmers had reported from water- scarce states like Karnataka, Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh etc. †¢ Increasing input cost of production: Agriculture input cost is increasing, rather than output revenue. Management and hiring laborers and latest tools and techniques is costlier to the farmers. Apart from this, usual seeds and crop protecting insecticides and machineries to grow crop and harvesting, such as-tractors to plow, tube- wells to irrigate are nightmare for farmers. Thus, horrific scenarios worry farmers. †¢ Marketing of agricultural production: Majority of farmers are still illiterate. They are neither strong enough to fight with strong gamut of intermediaries, traders and corrupt marketing machineries nor organized to do so. Their crop in the mandis or market place sold manipulatively before their eyes and they are mere spectator. Thus, primarily twist their arm and force farmer to rush localized moneylenders for debt and fulfill their urgent need of time. Climate change plays vital role in farmers well being. Dilemmas of farmers been portrayed as†¦. Influence of population; there is very crucial correlation between agriculture and population. Condorcet and Godwin produced such works, which promised to create heaven on earth. Mercantilists as well as Physiocrate,—-Mirabeau, had always regarded numerous population advantageous . Godwin was so confident and optimistic that he proclaimed, â€Å"Government even in its best state is an evil†. He anticipated such a society in which after breaking the bonds of property, of passions and marriage would live happily on only half a day's work. Such optimism have some force, and hold true even after a long time†¦.After a rapid growth in the population over the years, there is plenty of food grain in the world, if managed , distributed, skillfully and impartially, keeping humanity above all— cast, creed and beyond geographical boundaries , to the needful of every people of the earth. Farmers have always obtained either semi- crop, due to several explicit and implicit factors. Semi- prices due to socio- economical and political reasons. He is always lagging behind in the facilities of education, health and transportation even after a long time of independence. Meanwhile tries to minimize input cost of labor, this comes at the cost of engaging whole of his family members for the sake of survival of the family, resulting uneducated, unskilled progeny. During the next cycle of division of farms among the heir of farmer's, descendants work either as manual labor or just a marginal farmer to be anxious, wait and watch, hoping government help and waivers. In Such a horrible scenario, after toiling day and night, it becomes very burdensome to earn bare- bread without butter .Coming out from the vicious cycle of poverty is not possible without welfare and sensitive government. Thus, government intervention to revive farmer's economic condition is urgent need of time and always solicited. Government efforts and intervention: Our government has ever been reacted positively on farmer's woes and wounds.Relief packages; As and when required government-provide relief packages to the needy farmers. Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, and Rajasthan, or Gujarat or any states of India all helped sometimes or any other. Debt- waiver schemes: At the time of crop failure, due to any natural calamities, such as over pouring and scanty precipitation or drought, respective state governments and Indian government or both many times waived off farmer's loan. Soil health card: For better productivity, soil health card issued to the farmers for their farms.Integrated scheme for Agricultural Marketing (ISAM) effective since 01.04.2014National Agriculture Market (e-NAM)Model Agricultural Produce and Livestock Marketing (Promotion and Facilitation) Act, 2017Modified National Agricultural Insurance Scheme (MNAIS)Weather Based Crop Insurance Scheme (WBCIS) SUGGESTIONS: As discussed above, it is obvious that, farmers suffer a lot, from vicious cycle of climate change and price determination mechanism of input and output. If Climate favors, brings fortune in the form of good productivity and yield of crops. All together, due to weaker retaining power of their farm product; bring their bumper crops at a time in the market increase supply, resulting poor pricing; due to application of demand and supply laws of economics; connivance of intermediaries, scheming traders and bureaucracy; what is the outcome of this all-copious crop? Farmers bitter experience of unproductive farming, securing semi price for abundant crop. Half- baked price for full- baked rice. Therefore, there is an urgent need to address farmer's despair in India. Following measures may taken to embalm their miseries— 1) Rainwater should be harvest with full vim and vigor on large scale. Rainwater harvesting tools and techniques should be subsidized and easily available to the farmers.Education and advertisements, Should imparted among the citizens of India to save even single drop of water. Although, this is herculean task and need a lot of finance, yet would prove very fruitful in long run. 2) Twenty -four hours subsidized electricity for irrigation should be provided to the farmers 3) Dependence on chemical fertilizers should gradually mitigated and be substituted with organic fertilizers to sustain fertility and productivity of land. 4) Ceiling of minimum farm size norm, for cultivation should be determined. Below this farm size limit, cooperative farming should be mandatory. 5) Farmland must be saving essentially from any misuse. Every possible attempt should carry out to save agricultural land. High- rise buildings in place of independent dwellings be preferred and permitted like China, to save extra land. Agricultural land should not utilize rather saved from industrial and residential land misuses. 6) It is evident ,due to unawareness and self esteemed

Emily Dickinson Essay

Emily Dickinson’s poem â€Å"I like the look of Agony† focuses people’s attention on great suffering and death. I personally find it to be cold and extremely cruel yet naturally truthful. Contrary to what it may seem, liking the look of agony is not a sadistic manner. It artistically implies how people respond to emotional sufferings and heartache. The poem itself shows the dramatic device of literature, which could be one way of showing her uniqueness and weirdness entertaining herself to go beyond the social norm. The author puts the sentence â€Å"I like the look of agony† at the beginning not because she likes looking to people who is in agony but rather, she is just having the intense interest of the way we absorb emotional sufferings, pain and the agony especially when death of a love one occurs. And it is so surprising to the reader to read the first line being so direct with extreme cruelty. Different emotions occurs and may be expressed inappropriately when we come to realize that death is unavoidable. Some people tend to control their emotions and try to have a full power on them. They feel comfortable out of it. It is called defense mechanism. Refer to the second line, which I personally believe that it is the heart of the poem, â€Å"Because I know it’s true. † She must have gotten a lot of untrue looks and hated them because she was a painfully shy and homely woman. We can speculate that the untrue looks are looks of interest or even attraction to her: looks of friendship, admiration and love. She doesn’t trust all those things, only the agony of dying, â€Å"Homely Anguish† -the personification of love. We know that most people often fear death, whereas we should be aware of the fact that everyone of us will come to an end and death is close to us. Suffering does not have to be associated with fear. We have to perceive that death is an event and it’s happening to everyone of us. We just have to stand and be prepared to face it. Agony is somewhat like having a cancer. How an excruciating pain of someone who is suffering from severe cancer feels like. This is the moment were we can be genuinely honest on how we truly feels. We don’t assume or pretend, but just live the moment and don’t even know how to gain control of it. None of us can deceive the physical appearance to go along an agony. In my view, death is something that we have to be prepared. It is unstoppable and beyond anyone’s control. We just have to accept that each one of us is uncertain when coming to an end. Lastly, I agree with what the author has trying to tell us, to be ready to face the last pace of life death. Analyzing this poem of Dickinson is one way of seeing the positive look of agony and death, which is to express the deepest emotions on a highly emotional incident involving the lost of someone.

Yesterday: the Color Purple and Welcome Table

For my week one assignment I choose to write about â€Å"The Welcome Table† (Walker, A) 1970. What first captured my interest in this short story was a poem listed before the story, the poem was called â€Å"For my sister Clara Ward† by (Walker, A) 1970 â€Å"I’m going to sit at the Welcome table, Shout my troubles over, Walk and talk with Jesus, Tell God how you treat me, One of these days! † This short story and poem reminds me of going to church with my great grandmother and grandmother. At that time I didn’t realize how precious it was to have them around.I took for granted having dinner every Sunday after church with those two wonderful ladies, sometime we would have conversations about Jesus and life for hours and hours as we sat around the table. Today I wish they were still here to help guide me through hard times. I find myself walking with my eyes closed listening for their voices for some kind of spiritual direction. Reading â€Å"The We lcome Table† allowed my mind to connect with my imagination to what Alice Walker was expressing to the world, and to the readers.The story focuses on an elderly woman’s life, and after she had worked for many years in many different households, she knew her life was soon coming to an end. Though she felt her life would soon be over her inspiration and focus was looking forward to having a talk with Jesus at the welcome table.The welcome table I believe is a metaphor for when she reaches heaven, she will be able to talk with her savior. In her final days she choose to attend a church to worship and praise Jesus, unfortunately because she was  unfamiliar to the parishioners of the church she was not allowed to continue her worship and she was escorted out of the church, from there the author tells how this elderly woman walked away with her head up and eventually on her journey met with the Lord and he took her home. I was asked to describe one of the analytical approac hes outlined in Chapter 16, using details from the text to support your interpretations. I chose to use a formalist approach in my critical essay.1- The setting for is short story was based on inter-racial issues from a moral and spiritual perspective. It reminds me of my great grandmother and grandmother telling me stories about their participation in some civil right demonstrations, how they have to drink water, shop for food and household supplies and praise God in certain section of the town that they both were raised in. I was always told you must stand for something or you’ll fall for anything.No matter what happen to the women in the story, her faith like Job, no matter what happen she praised God till the very end. That’s what made this story so memorable. 2- The author made this story intriguing from start to finish. I knew what was going on, but was still surprise at the Christians and the way they handle her. 3- The Welcome Table was well described and devel oped. It seems like it was based from the same small town in the movie â€Å"The Color Purple† which was also written Alice Walker, who was best known for this Pulitzer Prize winning novel â€Å"The Color Purple†.4- The author had to use some figurative language to set the back drop and to set the mood to reveal the era of the story. It was based in Georgia. You can tell that the town was still segregated and no real harm came to the women because of her age. 5- My point of view was her skin was a pale gray from working in extreme Georgia weather picking cotton, many years she worked also as a cook, chauffeur, and maid some might say mistress.The only pleasure in life that was left was going to church to thank God for keeping her through all the hard times. â€Å"Many at the church saw this as the beginning of the end of the sanctuary of Christian worship. Saw the desecration of Holy Church, and saw an invasion of privacy, which they struggled to believe they still ke pt† (Walker, A) 1970. Surprisingly enough this elderly woman was escorted by force out of the church building and into the presence of Jesus.

Case Study, Cultural Turnaround at Club Med Essay

Case Study, Cultural Turnaround at Club Med - Essay Example Sooner, it was able to achieve a considerable growth in the competitive tourism business industry. During the year 2000, the company was highly focused on developing its brand image due to the fierce competition prevailing in the global hospitality industry (John Wiley & Sons, Inc., n.d.). Before the year 2000, the business performance of the organisation has been recognised to achieve substantial growth due to its wide range of tourist villages along with targeting potential clients through its exceptional business strategies. The strategy of maintaining festive atmosphere during all the seasons and maintaining adequate culture within the organisation has been widely accepted, which enabled Club med to attain a competitive advantage in the rapidly flourishing tourism industry (Sheth & et. al., 2010). The strategic reposition along with emphasising on building relationship has significantly facilitated the company to accomplish its desired business goals. In this context, Gracious Or ganisers (GO) responsible for maintaining effective relationship with clients has been identified to play a crucial role by maintaining festive culture throughout all the seasons within the tourist villages. Moreover, the integration of different events for targeting the youths such as cultural shows, sports along with village dances have significantly helped the organisation to obtain a wide attention of the global clients. In addition, the continuance of cooperative relationship between the employees along with their families has also been proven to play a major role for Club Med to maintain its organisational culture (Verdure, 1993). Major Factors for Club Med’s Success between the Year 1950s to 1990s With reference to the case scenario, a set of key success factors can be identified that led Club Med to play a dominant role in all-inclusive resort industry during the years 1950s to 1990s. In this regard, few of the key success factors during those years have been briefly highlighted in the following discussion. Value Creation Strategy The strategy of increasing value of different tourism activities performed by Club Med can be considered as one of the major successive factors that led to provide adequate support to the organisation between the years 1950s to 1990s. With regard to the major functional attributes in the value proposition of Club Med, it has been widely accepted that transportation, food, accommodation along with sports and entertainment events are the four major pillar of the company’s value creation strategy. Innovation The continuous innovation across the major key factors for the global tourists can also be considered to play as essential role in increasing value of its range of tourism services. Moreover, the innovative strategy of integrating exceptional tourism products and/services have act as a shield for the organisation against various potential threats from the global tour operators along with hotel chains within the period of 1950s to 1990s. Few of the remarkable innovative business operations analogous to Club Med during these periods have been demonstrated in the following table. Source: (Marom & et. al., 2003). Organisational Culture With regard to the

Unit 3 assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Unit 3 assignment - Essay Example how the problem has affected the citizens and the world at large in order for the reader to have detailed information concerning the problem being research. The author did not give the central aim of research. Instead, he highlighted the problem in the literature review. This results to failure of the author to attract the attention of reader. Although he highlighted that he will use quantitative and qualitative methods to collect their data that they will use in making the conclusion, they never gave the size of the population. In a well researched paper, the author should state the research methods used eg longitudinal design or use of focus groups to retrieve information. In addition, the author could have explained more on how he manipulated the data obtained through coding to come up with report or conclusion. He never highlighted the size of the sample to be used in gathering the information. This is important in helping the reader determine the credibility of the information discussed in the paper. Furthermore, he did not summarize the results obtained in the study. This could have given the reader a clue of what to expect after reading the whole article. Nevertheless, the paper qualify to be a research paper because it has been well formatted despite major points of a research paper being missed. Fraud has been one of the major problems that have been facing health sectors in the world an aspect that has caused them lose a lot of money. This paper addresses the issue of Medicare fraud by pinning down the core problem bringing about the fraud in the first place and then seeks ways in which by using quantitative, qualitative, and mixed method approaches, the problem can actually be studied, understood and addressed appropriately. To gain clarity of objective, the issue is addressed from different world views and more importantly, aligns the world view with the research methodologies.

Hip Hop and Rap Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Hip Hop and Rap - Essay Example Through the history of the hip hop movement, there have been several significant figures contributed to its development. The origin of hip hop movement may be traced back to the early 1970s when rap was introduced at block parties in New York City as a specific genre, and DJs started cutting off the beating breaks of funk, soul, and disco songs and expanding them. MCs began to talk between songs, joking and normally interacting with the audience in order to introduce the DJs and to invigorate the crowd. Thus, the new genre began to attract audience and became commercially successful. The American funk group the Sugarhill Gang, through its "Rapper's Delight," made a remarkable contribution to the popularity of hip hop music, and many critics consider this as the earliest hip hop single. This hip hop group, credited with the first ever gold single, ensured the commercial feasibility of the genre, which resulted in the wide-ranging popularity of the rap music.

External and Competitive Environment for tourism Industry Essay

External and Competitive Environment for tourism Industry - Essay Example Tourism Industry Total receipts from tourism are 9% of the world GDP and the tourist industry employs 2.8% of the total world population (Quick Facts, 2010). The Tenerife economy is greatly reliant on the tourism industry. The service sector of the economy contributes 79.4% to the GDP where hostelry comprises of 14.29% of the total of the tourism industry of the Canary Islands (Economic Sector, 2005). It is approximated that 10 million tourists visit the Canary Islands which includes 5 million tourists every year in Tenerife alone (Osborne). It was once viewed that more tourists meant more money in the industry but now a new concept have revealed (Osborne). The Tenerife Industry is focusing more upon quality of the services provided rather than increasing their sales (Osborne). This is mainly due to the realization that tourists enjoy quality vacation and are ready to pay higher amounts to stay in â€Å"good quality† four and five star hotels (Osborne). The volcanic eruption i n Iceland in 2010 carved a caricature of the Tourism Industry in Europe. Initially, the volcano eruption rose excitement among the tourists and they went on to Iceland to have a look at the natural catastrophic eruption. However, later the danger aggravated and not only the tourism industry of Iceland but of the whole Europe was messed up. ... nge and Europe might not experience summer which would then result in the loss of tourism revenues from countries like Switzerland, France and Italy (Gupta, 2010). Thus, the tourism industry all over the Europe seems to face the trickle down effects of the volcanic eruption in the region. Objectives The video demonstrated a situation of the tourism industry in Tenerife and the effects after the volcanic eruption. The tourist Nigel experienced the whole situation in a hotel and came up to the conclusion that he liked the hotel whereas, he was unsatisfied with the services if Ryan Airways through which he was flying. This was utterly due to the different behavior adopted by both the organizations. The hotel was hospitable and accommodating whereas, he faced the opposite reaction from the Airways and was in a complete dismal. Thus, the focus of the report is to investigate the reasons for the two distinguished reactions of the organizations that were going through the same natural circu mstances. Both the organizations are an integral part of the tourism industry, yet they resulted in different attitudes. Therefore, further analysis would seek to clarify. Spain PEST Analysis Since the Canary Islands are a province of Spain the PEST analysis would enhance the analysis. Political Analysis Spain has a mixed capitalist economy and ranks as the 12th largest in the world. The political conditions are somewhat stable and hence, the economy has been successful until 2007 when the effects of recession began to be felt in 2007 (World Factbook, 2010). Economic Analysis Real GDP growth decreased in 2007 in the wake of recession by 3.9% and later in 2010 by 0.2%. Per capita income also saw a declining trend and the public debt increased from 53.2% of GDP in 2009 to 63.4% in 2010 (World

Fallout 1 and 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Fallout 1 and 2 - Essay Example It all started in 2052, when the Resource Wars erupted. The ravages of war, spawned by the famines in Africa and India, pollution in Asia, the rise of extremism in the Middle East, and the unquenching thirst for oil threatened to annihilate the world forever. No one knows whether China declared war on America, or vice versa, but the oil-hungry Chinese attack of 2066 on Alaska was the point of no return, when the genesis of a new terrifying, Great war, was on the horizon. Weeks turned into moths and moths turned into years, as the Alaskan trench warfare yielded nothing but blood and an unusable wasteland. America eventually won the war, but the plains of Alaska were never the same. A smoking ruin was all that was left of the Alaskan frontier. What was to follow was something far more horrific than anything man has faced before. The nuclear armageddon began in the morning on October 23 2077, resulting in the destruction of all major cities, polluting the oceans and creating changes tha t even dr. Moreau wouldn't imagine. Some scientists and artisans, soldiers and men of wealth managed to survive the holocaust by taking refuge in the massive shelters called Vaults, built before the war by a company called Vault-tec. These three-stories underground structures built deep inside the mountains shielded the survivors from the effects of radiation, disease, and other catastrophes. Equipped with G.E.C.K.'s, or the Garden of Eden Creation Kit, devices capable of creating a new life for the inhabitants of the Vault's after they returned to the surface, some of the Vaults managed to survive the earthquakes, attacks by the Raiders, and other disasters. People living in the Vaults survived the immediate destruction, but their descendants would face far greater challenges in a changed and desolate world. In Fallout 1, the events occur some 80 years later, in the year 2161. One of the shelters called Vault 13, located in Southern California, faces a serious difficulty- the Water Chip, a computer chip responsible for the water recycling and pumping machinery has stopped working. The Vault Overseer of Vault 13 has no choice but to assign the protagonist, an inhabitant of Vault 13, to the task of finding a new Water chip, therefore sending our hero into the harsh outside wasteland, armed with nothing but the PIPboy 2000 as a bookkeeping apparatus and bottle caps as currency. Our hero enters into a new world, fractured more by the various organizations and beliefs, than the unspeakable number on nuclear weapons that have scorched Earth's surface. One prominent organization is the Brotherhood of Steel, a quasi-political and religious group, which is strongly dedicated to the preservation of technology. Although the 3 classes within the organization are knights, paladins and scribes, the me mbers are not adhering to the rules of chivalry at all, since they are not concerned with the ones less fortunate than them. The New California Republic is also an important group in the new desolate world. Located in South California with its capital Shady Sands, it is probably the closest thing to states that existed before the war. It has a

Analysis on Saudi Arabia's Fiscal Policy and the Oil Prices Assignment

Analysis on Saudi Arabia's Fiscal Policy and the Oil Prices - Assignment Example Policy Recommendations 6.1: Shrinking the Government 6.2: Diversifying the Economy 6.3: Energy Prise Reform 6.4: Regulation for Increased Efficiency 6.5: Adding Renewable Source of Energy 6.6: Nuclear Power Ambition Executive Summary The fiscal policy of any nation is the backbone of its prosperous future. The fiscal policies of oil exporting countries are viewed with concern all over the world because oil price is the determining factor of prosperity for all the world’s leading nations. Saudi Arabia is a prominent oil exporter of the world. Its economic policies influence the cost of oil it is exporting directly and the industrial development of many other nations indirectly. Though Saudi Arabia’s fiscal policy is appreciated as a balanced and best one by reputed institutions like International Monetary Fund (IMF), there are countless untold issues hidden under it. Oil is a highly diminishing form of natural energy. The government is taking many productive steps to pro tect this sustainable energy and thinking about alternate ways of employment, other than oil drilling. The paper discusses the important issues on Saudi Arabia’s fiscal policies and gives useful recommendations to overcome them effectively. Introduction King Abdal Aziz ibn Al Saud created the Saudi Arabia kingdom by uniting several small Arabic nations together in 1932. This Middle East Peninsula covers over 2.23 million square kilometres, most of which are oil rich desserts (Hitti & Abed, 1974). Oil drilling became an important and thriving business in the area by 1950's. Since then drilling oil has been main occupation of the nation for the past 7 decades. All the progressive measures of the government from improving infrastructure to transport facilities depend upon the profits generated by the oil exported to the developed countries. The countercyclical fiscal policies of Saudi Arabia won accolades around the world by the way it handled the global economic downturn in 200 8-2009. The savings of the surplus during the last 5 years enabled the government to manage the recession with poise and comfort. But, there were several hidden truths behind this. Thousands of labours or manual workers lost their job in the recession. Planes were booked in bulk to transport these people back to the eastern countries where they came from. Several major construction projects related to the industrial and infrastructure needs of the country were stalled until the world economy regained itself. According to the neoclassical growth model in economy, the long-term growth is determined by continuous supply of productive resources and productivity. The governments expansive spending doesn’t seem to give importance to the productive supplies. If the countries major plans startle, at the minor oil rate infraction due to problems in the world economy, how adverse would the effects be if the sustainable oil is depleted completely. Saudi Arabia cannot take a single stand in this issue. It should consider the stand of its neighbouring countries exporting oil too. Here is a table showing the list of its oil exporting co-countries. Figure Reference: (Sturm, M. Gurtner, Francois & Alegre, J, 2009, p - 8) Considering the fiscal performance of all the major oil dependant countries like Algeria, Nigeria, Russia and Saudi Arabia, the main problems faced by them are 1. The sudden sharp fall of oil price 2. The highly sustainable natural resources 3. The challenges arising out of specific domestic issues (Low cost oil

Rights of police officers and the development of police unions Essay

Rights of police officers and the development of police unions - Essay Example Non unionized police officers also cannot negotiate the details of their contracts at a collective level, which is also a challenge for non unionized law enforcement agencies. Absence of union from agencies is also not good for authorities and management. When there are unions, management has an opportunity to negotiate with leaders of the union in order to solve any problem. Absence of unions might lead to organizational issues and uncertainty, which will be very difficult to resolve. This is why presence of unions is also important for management as they know people with which they can talk and negotiate in case of any grievance of employees. Police departments that have union protection are much better off than police departments without union protection. Unions are good for both employees and management. Employees can raise their voice against any injustice as they have a clear platform do so. Unions also give management and authorities a chance to resolve issues amicably without disrupting normal activities of the police department. Law enforcement agencies have an important function in the society and, therefore, employee dissatisfaction and grievance can have negative consequences for the whole society. This is why unionized police department are better off than non unionized police

Music Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 12

Music - Essay Example For entertainment, I usually listen to extensive lists of songs in additions to the above-mentioned types, as songs can serve a different purpose in different situations. For example, these songs can help me grab some news words while also entertaining myself. For inspiration, there are many inspirational songs, which can encourage someone in a particular situation. Again, through music, I can remove myself from the world by listening to music alone in my room. Music has many advantages. It reduces my stress, motivates me, and gives me joy and a new perception. Through listening to soothing music like country music tense muscles can be relaxed leading to the reduction of breathing rate. With these changes, my body relaxes leading to the reduction of stress. For motivation, songs like Survivor and Stronger by Clarkson are full inspirational themes that uplift the mood. The messages in inspirational song and that euphoria created by these songs motivate me. Soothing music bring joy to the listener by causing the body to release hormones that promote happiness. For instance, music can lead to the production dopamine that makes a person feel good or serotonin that fosters

Arturo Escobar Essay Example for Free

Arturo Escobar Essay Lectua â€Å"na ecologia de la diferencia: igualdad y conflicto en un mundo glocalizado† Dia 14 Mes 08 Ano 12 Docente Claudia Patricia Rodriguez CALIFICACION UNA ECOLOGIA DE LA DIFERENCIA: IGUALDAD Y CONFLICTO EN UN MUNDO GLOCALIZADO Arturo Escobar, es un antropologo colombiano, nacido en Manizales, interesado en la ecologia politica, el desarrollo y movimientos sociales en Colombia. Especificamente, Escobar se cuestiono los problemas de hambre y pobreza de grandes sectores de la poblacion colombiana, Pero sus intereses se dirigieron cada vez mas hacia el area de las ciencias sociales y la antropologia del desarrollo, de ahi que viajo a continuar estudios de postgrado en la Cornell University y en la Universidad de California, Berkeley, donde hizo su doctorado en 1987. Entre sus especialidades figuran la ecologia politica y la antropologia del desarrollo, los movimientos sociales y las nuevas tecnologias. (Penuela, M, 2005, http://www. javeriana. edu. co/Facultades/C_Sociales/universitas/62/penuela. pdf) Adicionalmente ha sido profesor de muchas universidades en Colombia y especialmente Estados Unidos. Este autor refleja en una de sus obras y ensayos uno de los mas importantes y cuestionados temas a nivel mundial: la igualdad y conflicto en un mundo glocalizado. Se habla de la diferencia que existe entre los individuos que hoy hacen parte de la globalizacion, esta diferencia es pocas veces dirigida hacia una igualdad para todos, ya que la relacion que existe entre la globalizacion, la cultura de un lugar especifico y el desarrollo benefician mas unos que a otros. He aqui el gran conflicto, es cada vez mas comun ver como la globalizacion, es decir, un mundo global, que busca una homogeneidad se impone. Se da entonces un acceso a excluir a unos y dominar otros, ya que aquellos que dominan son los que tienen el acceso a las oportunidades y los recursos como lo referencia el autor. Se excluye entonces lo local, para pasar a ser lo global lo mas importante y lo que se impone; es el capitalismo, los medios masivos y las mercancias lo que brinda las mejores oportunidades, ya no se habla de biodiversidad sino por el contrario de la biotecnologia que se vuelve un recurso aun mas importante que la propia diversidad ya existente. Aun mas alla de las nuevas tendencias, existe un tema que referencia el autor como uno de los grandes conflictos y es la adaptacion de la diversidad cultural a conductas globales. â€Å"El mundo no es solo global continua siendo local† (Escobar, 2005), es necesario entonces pensar que existen condiciones de pluralismo cultural, diferentes percepciones acerca del mundo en general. Las principales condiciones que niegan la igualdad entre individuos son la parte economica, cultural y ambiental. Los grandes economistas hablan del valor que tienen cada uno de los recursos, los precios y derechos de propiedad son los que valen dentro del sector economico, sin embargo, las comunidades definen las practicas que determinan la valoracion de los recursos especificamente naturales de manera distinta a la valoracion economica; mas que un precio o valor monetario, el entorno natural y sus recursos tienen un valor intrinseco, no se puede calcular este valor ya que cada cultura percibe los recursos naturales de una manera distinta. Por otro lado, la relacion de las personas con el mundo natural, le da al entorno un valor para cada territorio, no todos quieren compartir de igual manera la diversidad natural de un lugar porque las comunidades le estan dando su verdadero significado. Fundamentalmente lo ambiental y cultural se reune de algun modo para diferenciar y darle pluralismo al mundo que hoy se une a la globalizacion, pero se elude aun la sostenibilidad cultural y ambiental. Es en gran medida esta falta de sostenibilidad un conflicto, que se traduce en la distribucion cultural, las diferencias culturales propagan desigualdad ya que algunos imponen la dominacion y se convierten en propietarios de lo que es de una comunidad en su conjunto. Se quiere cada dia, dar paso a la hegemonia entre culturas pero sigue marcando diferencias los comportamientos, sus derechos colectivos y tradiciones. El Estado tambien juega un papel muy importante, este lucha por conservar su practica cultural y defender lo que es de un territorio. En el caso colombiano se da un ejemplo de las culturas negras riberenas en la selva del Pacifico las cuales desde 1990 se unieron para defender un territorio, su biodiversidad y lo que era suyo, se defienden entonces modelos locales que perduran en la cultura colombiana aun y los cuales se mantienen en movimientos sociales. Aun cuando lo global trata de imponerse, la diversidad cultural, la economia y el medio ambiente son niveles diferenciadores para la globalizacion. Finalmente, si es necesaria le equidad de la distribucion economica, estrechar la diferencia de dominacion entre comunidades para permitir el desarrollo e intercambio equitativo. Aun cuando las culturas sean diferentes, se pueden entremezclar para establecer una igualdad. BIBLIOGRAFIA Escobar, A. (2005), â€Å"Una ecologia de la diferencia: igualdad y conflicto en un mundo glocalizado† [Documento digital PDF]. Arturo Escobar, En: WEB, 2005, [en linea] disponible en: http://www. javeriana. edu. co/Facultades/C_Sociales/universitas/62/penuela. pdf. [consulta: agosto 12 de 2012].

Claude Monets Impressionism Artwork

Claude Monets Impressionism Artwork Claude Monet was born on November 14, 1840 in Paris France and was son to Claude Adolphe Monet and Louise-Justine Aubree. Monet, even from a very young age, had always loved to study and practice art and even attended Le Havre, school for the arts at the ripe age of 11. Monet continued to study art for much of his life and even developed his own style of art that was coined Impressionism (Claude Monet Biography). Impressionism is a movement in French painting, sometimes called optical realism because of its almost scientific interest in the actual visual experience and effect of light and movement on appearance of objects (Impressionism). Characteristics of Impressionist paintings include visible brush strokes, open composition, emphasis on light in its changing qualities, ordinary subject matter, the inclusion of movement as a crucial element of human perception and experience, and unusual visual angles (Art Periods: Impressionism in France). Monet painted a series of Impressionist series of approximately 250 paintings called Water Lilies. 250 The paintings depict Monets flower garden at Giverny and were the main focus of Monets artistic production during the last thirty years of his life (Water Lilies). As part of his extensive gardening plans at Giverny, Monet had a pond dug and planted with lilies in 1893. He painted the subject in 1899, and thereafter it dominated his art. He worked continuously for more than twenty years on a large-scale decorative series, attempting to capture every observation, impression, and reflection of the flowers and water. By the mid-1910s Monet had achieved a completely new, fluid, and somewhat audacious style of painting in which the water-lily pond became the point of departure for an almost abstract art. This work, which he began in the late teens and kept in his studio until his death, is one of the most complete pictures of the late series (Claude Monet). One of the 250 Water Lilies paintings, completed in 1907 is currently on display in the Museum of Fine Arts Boston. The painting is oil on canvas and 38 1/8 x 38  ¾. The form of the painting is 2-dimensional. The painting shows water lilies in what appears to be a pond. There are more water lilies in the distance than â€Å"in the front†. The water and the water lilies are not painted in a â€Å"traditional† way. If looking closely, one can see that they are painted will unsmooth and spotted paint strokes and a vast variety of colors. The water surrounding the water lilies highlights them by adding areas of light as well depth where needed. The space of the Water Lilies is key to its beauty. Monet uses a proper proportional scale to indicate distance from the viewer. The lilies are not crowded and appear â€Å"comfortable† in their environment. Each group of lilies had its own space. Though the groups of lilies get close to one another in the distance, there is no obvious overlapping. When it comes to the composition of the painting, Monet leads the viewer though the entire painting with every brush stroke. The â€Å"front† of the painting is bright and full of light and catches the eye first. The light in the center of the painting leads the viewers eyes up to view the large clusters of lilies. The color in Water Lilies makes the painting the gorgeous work of art that it is. The various colors allows for the depth and the reflection of light. The water in the painting varies in color from very pale lavender, to dark and mossy browns and greens. Lavender, brown, and green are probably not the first colors a viewer would think of when imagining a pond or stream but it works perfectly in Water Lilies. There is also a wide variety of color used in the lilies. When looking up close, the â€Å"green† part of the lilies are actually composed of every shade of green imaginable, yellows, blues, browns, and even pinks. The flowers on the lilies, which appear just pink from a distance, are made with red, pink, white, brown, and grey. From the painting, it is clear that Monet was fascinated, and spent a lot of time concentrating on the light of a painting. There is so much depth and highlighting in the painting that many onlookers find it breathtaking. The lightest part of the painting is right in the center. There are no lilies in that area, so there is no need for shadowing which is why it appears to be illuminated. In the distance of the painting, it is much darker and there are also a lot more lilies. The front of the painting is purple and blue. It almost appears as though it is the sky reflecting onto the water. The texture of this painting is what makes Monet, Monet. When looking up close at the painting, it is hard to believe that the textured, rough and quick brush strokes create such a clear looking and well composed painting from far away. If a viewer only had the opportunity to view the painting up close, it would be reasonable to believe that they would think the painting was a mess and wouldnt create a clear image. There are so many layers in Water Lilies. When looking up close, it is strange to see shades of brown layered on top of purple and it appears as though it would never look fluid, but Monet mastered it to do so. Monet was the master of Impressionism and his series of 250 Water Lilies paintings showcased his talent in the category perfectly. His works are displayed all around the world, even right here in the Boston area. Monet will forever go down in history as the first, and perhaps the greatest Impressionist artist of all time. References Art Periods: IMPRESSIONISM in France. Discover France French Arts, Culture, Tourism. Web. 09 Mar. 2010. . Claude Monet (18401926) | Thematic Essay | Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History | The Metropolitan Museum of Art. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York: Metmuseum.org. Web. 09 Mar. 2010. . Claude MONET Biography. Giverny Vernon : In the Heart of Impressionism. Web. 09 Mar. 2010. . Impressionism Impressionism Art. Oil Paintings Reproduction Canvas Oil Painting Reproductions For Sale. Web. 09 Mar. 2010. . Water Lilies | Claude Monet | All | European Paintings | Collection Database | Works of Art | The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York: Metmuseum.org. Web. 09 Mar. 2010. .

Treaty of Lisbon and 2004 Constitutional Treaty Comparison

Treaty of Lisbon and 2004 Constitutional Treaty Comparison Before considering the differences between the contents of the Treaty of Lisbon and the failed 2004 Constitutional Treaty, not least because in the views of many this could be a short discussion, it seems prudent to briefly consider why it was felt necessary that any change to what was then, and in fact still is now, the status quo was required. At the conference of Nice, in 2000, a declaration was made as a result, in part, due to the agreement between Member States that the way should be opened for the expansion of the Community to allow entrance of a number of new States to the Community[1]. The conference felt that a number of points needed to be considered and addressed. There were four points raised for discussion namely: how to establish and monitor a more precise delimitation of powers  between the European Union and Member States, reflecting the  principle of subsidiarity. the status of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union†¦ a simplification of the Treaties†¦ the role of national parliaments in the European architecture.[2] These points were considered in December 2001 in Laeken in Belgium where a declaration was made in respect of how it was felt the Union needed to proceed in order to ensure a successful future[3]. The Laeken Declaration drew deeply on history and the divisions which had been caused, in the main, by the Second World War. It saw that the future and unified Europe would expunge those divisions and pave a bright future for the Union as a whole. The resultant Constitutional Treaty set out how it was felt that the Union could proceed as a defined unit. The coverage of its abrupt failure has been comprehensive with many views expressed as to reasons for this. Some believed that it was erroneous to even consider a document of this kind in relation to Europe, arguing that the situation in place worked sufficiently well[4]. Whilst others were critical of its contents believing that it was a step too far in the direction if a federal Europe and others believed that its failure was the result of an underlying suspicion of the Union as whole in many member states[5]. Whatever the reasons behind its failure, and it is likely to be a combination of all of the expressed views, the process towards some kind of constitutional document continued. Following the rejection of the Constitutional Treaty in referenda in France and the Netherlands and the likely imminent rejection in other states including possibly the United Kingdom, a halt was placed on proceedings and a period of reflection was implemented in which Member States were encouraged to enter into debate and discussion with their citizens in an attempt to pave a way forwards. This process took place during the remainder of 2004 and 2005, and then in 2006, Germany was commissioned by the European Council to assess the situation with regards to the Constitutional Treaty. Following this, in June 2007 the ‘Reform Treaty’ was introduced and this was developed over the next year or so and, because the European Union Presidency was held by Portugal at the end of 2007, was renamed as the Treaty of Lisbon. This treaty like the Constitutional Treaty before it required ratification by all Member States. This was mostly achieved, but Ireland, the only Member State who se constitution requires a referendum before ratifying the Treaty, returned a no vote in that referendum. The reasons for this will be discussed below, but at the current time the constitution of the European Union, or lack thereof, remains as it did in 2000 following the Treaty of Nice. One of the key complaints, as mentioned above, of the Constitutional Treaty was its implications in relation to a federal Europe. Article I-8 of the Treaty provided for amongst others the celebration of Union Day on 9th May each year. In drafting the Treaty of Lisbon the Council were careful to ensure that any reference to a constitutional document was removed. There can be no doubt that the Treaty of Lisbon makes a number of key amendments to the EC Treaty. Large numbers of these however are replications of what was already contained within the Constitutional Treaty. One area where there is remarkable consistency between the Constitutional Treaty and the new Treaty on European Union and the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union which the Treaty of Lisbon creates in place of the EU Treaty, is that of the role of national parliaments in relation to the Union. It will be remembered that this was one of the key questions discussed Laeken and was clearly believed to be vital in ensuring a unified Europe. Article I-11 of the Constitutional Treaty provided that national parliaments would ensure compliance with the principle of subsidiarity, a principle which states that the European Union will only take action on matters which it is felt, due to their scale, cannot be addressed at a national level. This statement is transferred in almost identical form to Article 5 of the Treaty on European Union by Article 1(6) of the Treaty of Lisbon. Article I-18(2) of the constitutional treaty required the European Commission to bring to the attention of national parliaments proposals to instigate a flexibility clause which allows for the adoption of measures by the Union where there are insufficient powers in place to allow for their adoption. This statement is added almost word for word into Article 352(2) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. These are two examples of the nine provisions contained within the Constitutional Treaty in relation to the role of subsidiarity, which have remained to all purposes unaltered within the contents of the Treaty of Lisbon. Whilst this is not the place for a full discussion on the validity of these provisions, there seems to be little doubt that they provide for a greater contribution to Union policy making by national parliaments and, in conjunction with the provisions of Article 7(3) of the Protocol on the Application of the Principles of Subsidiarity and Proportionality in allowing, in certain circumstances, national parliaments to veto Union legislation give national parliaments a much more significant position within the Union’s political processes. The next area considered at Laeken was the introduction of the Charter of Fundamental Rights. Both this and the European Convention on Human rights would have been accepted into the European Constitution under Article I-9 of the Constitutional Treaty. Rather unsurprisingly given the tone of what has gone before both were to become legally binding following the ratification of the Treaty of Lisbon. It is interesting to note that the text of the Charter is absent from the Treaty itself, rather it was to be introduced in Article 6(1) of the Treaty on European Union. It is necessary next to address the fourth of the four considerations of the Laeken declaration before considering the third. The Constitutional Treaty contained provisions giving the Union competence or the ability to legislate in certain areas. These split into two sections exclusive competence, in which only the Union could legislate and shared competence in which this ability is shared with the member state, providing the Union has not exercised its competence[6]. The wording in relation to these competences is indicative of the level of change that took place between the Constitutional Treaty and the Treaty of Lisbon. Paragraph two of Article 2, in the Treaty on European Union read: ‘The Member States shall exercise their competence to the extent that the Union has not exercised its competence. The Member States shall again exercise their competence to the extent that the Union has decided to cease exercising its competence.’ This was amended from the following in t he Constitutional Treaty: ‘The Member States shall exercise their competence to the extent that the Union has not exercised, or has decided to cease exercising, its competence.’ This seems to be an attempt to demonstrate that some power with regard to these competences can be returned to the member state if the Union ceases to act, but it can be seen that the change between the two treaties is minimal[7]. The final of the four considerations expressed in Nice and given voice in Laeken was that of simplifying the Treaties. There can be no doubt that the Constitutional Treaty would have done this. There would be one definitive document containing the whole scope and powers of the Union, the Treaty of Lisbon was clearly a long way from achieving that aim. This treaty is an amendment of previously existing treaties and read in isolation is almost pointless. It also results in yet another reclassification of the treaty articles and subsequently yet another table of equivalences. Whilst it seems an obvious point, this one factor is the single largest difference between the Constitutional Treaty and the Treaty of Lisbon, thus indicating that other differences, as has been discussed, are rather minor. Before continuing to discuss the possible reasons behind the Irish no vote, this seems a sensible point to summarise the differences which exist between the Treaty of Lisbon and its failed predecessor. One of the single, and perhaps most significant, differences between the two does not involve the details of their respective texts at all. One of the ideas considered at Laeken was that the Union should adopt a more open and democratic approach to its policy making process. This was given effect in the drafting of the Constitutional Treaty. Following its failure however the Union immediately returned to the previous approach of secretive, less democratic policy making. In an attempt to push through the reforms contained within the Constitutional Treaty, all be it minus certain contentious areas, the Union developed the Treaty of Lisbon with little or no public consultation. It has been mentioned numerously above that there are very few significant substantive changes between the two treaties. It should be emphasised that the express constitutional intent has been removed and any statements which could be viewed as suggestive of federalism have also disappeared. The declaration that the European Parliament is sovereign has also been removed[8]. There are a number of minor technical changes in relation to the scope of competences and rights in relation to subsidiarity have also been lightly modified. In most other respects the two treaties are the same. So, why did the Irish public choose not to ratify the Treaty of Lisbon? There were a number of specific details presented by the Irish ‘No’ campaign in the lead up the Irish referendum on the ratification of the Treaty of Lisbon. Tony Gregory TD stated that it was his belief that the Treaty would weaken the position of Ireland within Europe and would cause Ireland to lose its traditionally neutral military position[9]. Other areas of the campaign stated that a yes vote would ‘introduce abortion and high taxes, and abolish peat cutting and union rights.’[10] The no campaigners, rather conflictingly, used the loss of the Irish seat on the Commission, a result in its size reduction following ratification, as a reason for refusing the Treaty. It could be argued that any of these reasons or a collection of them were responsible for the no vote but it would seem naà ¯ve on the part of both sides of the debate to believe that specifics were the cause of the failur e of the Treaty. Whilst it is impossible to give definitive reasons for failure, it seems to me that the Irish, French and Dutch no votes must, in some way be linked. And since it is unlikely that any specific point could give rise to the same level of reaction in each country there must be some other underlying reason for the populations’ refusal to accept a constitutional type of treaty for Europe. When asked for comment by the BBC, one Irish no voter stated that he had voted in this manner for, amongst other reasons, the fact that ‘the whole European Union regime is getting ridiculous and is too underhand to even follow’[11] It is the word underhand which is most interesting in this statement. Could it be that despite all of the efforts made to the contrary, the European Population believe that the European Union is encroaching too far on national sovereignty and is an elite non-democratic force which is not necessarily always a force for good. This would certainly be a euro-sc eptics view, but as the results of these referenda demonstrate they do appear to be the majority. The ratification of the Treaty of Lisbon by most Member States has been seen by many as underhand. Its contents are not sufficiently different to the Constitutional Treaty to warrant ratification without referral to the general population and whilst this could be a reason for the no vote in Ireland I believe the descent runs deeper. It appears that there could be large scale Euro-scepticism at play in many Member States. With this in mind, the steps that are now taken by the Union will surely be instrumental in deciding its success or, not failure because that is unlikely, but certainly value and purpose. Given their efforts in trying to ratify the Treaty of Lisbon, it seems reasonably certain that the executive powers in the Member States will not stop in their moves to introduce the measures provided for in the Constitutional Treaty. The options are few; should there now be a further period of reflection and try to restart the process once the dust has settled? Should areas be dealt with in a point by point manner, simply amended existing European legislation as and when required? Should, as the French government suggest, the Irish no vote be ignored and the Treaty ratified in their absence? Or should the current status quo remain untouched. At a summit in Brussels in December, the Irish government gave a commitment to attempt, via a new referendum; get the Treaty ratified within the next twelve mo nths providing certain guarantees were made by other Member States. It seems that so far as the Treaty of Lisbon is concerned the European Union is quite happy to take the approach of ‘if at first you don’t succeed, try, try again’. This is all very well, but surely it would be better to consider the reasons for failure rather than trying to push the populace into accepting a situation for which there are clearly serious and numerous reservations. As a conclusion it seems fitting to use Joseph Weiler’s erudite discussion on the treaties and consider the bearing this has on the problems encountered. ‘The segue was of course priceless even Houdini would marvel at the magic. Take the Treaty which masqueraded as a Constitution, do some repackaging, and now it is a Constitution masquerading as a Treaty. The repackaging is pretty crude: strip away the word constitution. Pretend the Charter of Fundamental Rights is not part of the Reform Treaty and all this whilst pontificating on the need for transparency.’[12] Table of Legislation EC Treaty (Treaty of Rome) 1957 Treaty of Nice C80 2001 Treaty Establishing a Constitution for Europe C310 Volume 47 2004 Treaty of Lisbon amending the Treaty on European Union and the Treaty establishing the European Community C306 Volume 50 2007 Bibliography The Laeken Declaration G. Barrett, â€Å"The king is dead, long live the king: the recasting by the Treaty of Lisbon of the provisions of the Constitutional Treaty concerning national parliaments† (2008) European Law Review 33(1) J. Bateman, â€Å"Brussels Bulletin: a New European Framework† [2008] International Family Law Jounal 134 R. Bellamy, â€Å" The European Constitution is Dead, Long live European Constitutionalism† (2006) 13 Constellations 181 BBC News Online (http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/pop_ups/08/europe_ireland_votes_no/html/1.stm) Graà ­nne de Bà ºrca, Reflections on the path from the Constitutional Treaty to the Lisbon Treaty, Jean Monnet Working Paper 03/08 P. Craig, â€Å"The Treaty of Lisbon, process, architecture and substance† (2008) European Law Review 33(2) M. Dougan, â€Å"The Treaty of Lisbon 2007: winning minds, not hearts† (2008) 45 Common Market Law Review 617-703 D Granville, â€Å"Irish Democrat: Gregory Joins the No Campaign†, Connolly Publications Ltd, London, 2008 B. Laffan and J O’Mahoney â€Å"Ireland and the European Union† Palgrave MacMillan, London, 2008 D. MacShane, â€Å"Ireland’s No Vote: Europe Is Not Going Away†, Times Online, 2008 (http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/columnists/guest_contributors/article4133106.ece) R. McAllister â€Å"European Union: A Historical and Political Survey† Taylor and Francis Ltd, London 2008 L. Siedentop, â€Å" A Crisis of Legitimacy† (2005) 112 Prospect J. Snell, â€Å"European constitutional settlement, an ever closer union, and the Treaty of Lisbon: democracy or relevance?† (2008) European Law Review 33(5) P. Syrpis, â€Å"The Treaty of Lisbon: Much ado †¦ but about what?’ (2008) Industrial Law Review 37(3) J Weiler, â€Å"European Journal of International Law Marking the anniversary of the Universal Declaration; the Irish no and the Lisbon Treaty† E.J.I.L. 2008, 19(4), 647-653 S. Weatherill, â€Å"The Lisbon Treaty: Aspiration and Structure†, in Weatherill, EU Law (OUP: 8th ed. 2007), S Weatherill â€Å"Cases and Materials on EU Law†, 8th Revised Edition, OUP, Oxford, 2007 1 Footnotes [1] Treaty of Nice ‘Declaration on the Future of the Union’ [2] Ibid [3] The Laeken Declaration [4] R. Bellamy, â€Å" The European Constitution is Dead, Long live European Constitutionalism† (2006) 13 Constellations 181 [5] L. Siedentop, â€Å" A Crisis of Legitimacy† (2005) 112 Prospect [6] Article 2 of the Treaty on European Union. I-12 of the Constitutional Treaty. [7] See www.statewatch.org for further detailed comparisons [8] Article I-6 [9] D Granville, â€Å"Irish Democrat: Gregory Joins the No Campaign†, Connolly Publications Ltd, London, 2008 [10] D. MacShane, â€Å"Ireland’s No Vote: Europe Is Not Going Away†, Times Online, 2008 (http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/columnists/guest_contributors/article4133106.ece) [11] BBC News Online (http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/pop_ups/08/europe_ireland_votes_no/html/1.stm) [12] J Weiler, â€Å"European Journal of International Law Marking the anniversary of the Universal Declaration; the Irish no and the Lisbon Treaty† E.J.I.L. 2008, 19(4), 647-653

Comparison between Jan van Eyck and Fra Angelico Essay -- essays rese

The Renaissance in Western Europe brought a â€Å"rebirth† to the arts. No longer was the church the only accredited patron for the arts. Instead, a wealthy middle class arose as patrons and were able to purchase artist’s works. Although many pieces still had religious themes, the styles, freedom of creativity, and less reserved pieces were created. The Renaissance was not only confined to Italy, although it is often mistaken as the birthplace of the movement. All over Western Europe artwork flourished. Artists from the north came to Italy to study the classical arts and the renowned Italian Renaissance artists. Many of the same themes and subject matters were depicted throughout Western Europe. One such subject matter, the Annunciation, was portrayed by Jan van Eyck, a Flemish panel painter, as well as, Fra Angelico, an Italian fresco painter. In short, the Annunciation occurred when God sends the angel, Gabriel to deliver the message to Mary that she will give birth to his only son. Although both artists had the same understanding of the biblical account, their styles varied to agree with the concerns and interests of the people of the time as well as where they lived. They were able to establish their individuality through their artwork, even with the same subject matter. The Annunciation by Jan van Eyck is a perfect reflection of Northern Renaissance panel painting while Annunciation by Fra Angelico is the essence of Italian Renaissance fresco painting. The compositions that each piece displays is different and prestige in its own right. Flemish panel painters were largely influential and created extraordinary developments in composition. The artwork tends to be very detailed and filled with symbolic meanings from surrounding objects or even coloring. Jan van Eyck was especially credited for paying exceptional attention to detail that creates such a realistic form, the figures seem lifelike. Much of this realistic appearance is due to the medium that was widely used in the North. The use of oil paints and techniques, such as finer detail with smaller brush strokes and layering of oil paints to create a glaze, were used and developed giving the Northern art distinct characteristics and composition. Italian painters created frescos by applying pigments to wet plaster. The result is a dull, flatter color and they were unable to achieve intricate detail. The com... ...ic meanings that still are puzzling art historians today. Some of the key symbols that Stokstad points out in the text is the dove, representing the Holy Spirit; the white lilies as a symbol of the Virgin Mary. She also points out, two rather unknown symbols to the sacrilegious, the date of the Annunciation in signs of the zodiac on the floor, as well as the lone stained glass window that is symbolizing God rising above the three windows that are placed in the background behind Mary. These three windows represent the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Both Jan van Eyck and Fra Angelico were revered artists for the advances in art that they created and displayed for the world to see. Their renditions of the Annunciation were both very different, however unique and perfect display of the typical styles used during the Renaissance. Jan van Eyck’s panel painting Annunciation held all the characteristics of the Northern Renaissance with its overwhelming symbolism and detail. Fra Angelico’s fresco Annunciation grasped the key elements used in the Italian Renaissance with usage of perspective as well as displaying the interest and knowledge of the classical arts.

A Deconstruction of Erich Maria Remarques All Quiet on the Western Fro

A Deconstruction of Erich Maria Remarque's All Quiet on the Western Front The young soldiers depicted in Erich Maria Remarque's text All Quiet on the Western Front represent a generation without precedent, constancy, or forethought. The men, answering their elders' calls to become national heroes, have lost their innocence on the battlefield and remain forever altered in belief and spirit. Remarque contrasts the cold realities of war in the present to the tranquility of the past in order to illustrate the psychological transformation of the men stationed on the frontlines. The soldiers appear trapped in the present and alienated from their pasts; however, deconstruction of the text rejects the present and past as opposing states of time and identity, and reveals them as related conditions that are intimately and permanently intertwined. Much of the critical literature regarding All Quiet on the Western Front concerns the binary relationship between the symbols of present and past. For example, critics Barker and Last assert: "This rupture with the past is one of the most dominant themes of Remarque's work, the discontinuity of life, this jolting from one place of existence to another, for which man is completely unprepared" (54). This opposition is represented in Remarque's descriptions of the contrasting environments of present and past.? The present is depicted as a state of unpredictability, uncertainty, and impermanence in which the soldiers merely exist on the edge of life. The narrator, Paul Baumer, imparts the dismal desperation of the front: "Shells, gas clouds, and flotillas of tanks--shattering, corroding, death. Dysentery, influenza, typhus‑scalding, choking, death" (Remarque 283). In contrast, the past is... ...between the present and the past. Defining symbols, customs, and allegations of the past, both real and perceived, provoke a human battle between rival notions of an ideal present. Literary deconstruction approaches a text in much the same manner, confronting and dismantling fixed signs, traditions, and assertions. Yet like war, a deconstructive reading does not provide a final answer or the ultimate truth. Works Cited Barker, Christine, and R.W. Last. Erich Maria Remarque. London: Oswald, 1979. Culler, Jonathan. On Deconstruction. New York: Cornell University Press, 1982. Leitch, Vincent. Deconstructive Criticism. New York: Columbia University Press, 1983. Remarque, Erich Maria. All Quiet on the Western Front. New York: Ballantine, (1928)1958. Wagener, Hans. Understanding Erich Maria Remarque. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 1991.

Care and Belonging

Jessica Downie Professor Troy McGinnis Reading Journal Entry #1 October 4, 2012 â€Å"Care and Belonging in the Market† by Allison J. Pugh Allison J. Pugh took the words right out of my mouth when writing her article on parents spending too much money on material items for their children. Commodity consumption for children has exploded to $670 billion spent annually on or by children in the United states in 2004 and there is a good chance its only getting higher.She branches off in the article going into several different topics on how the adults and children are effected by their desire to want to belong in society and how it affects the relationship between the parents and the children. It also focuses on the corporate marketers and how they tend to sell a fantasy to the children, reeling them into having a desire to have the product. This being done by the marketers, it also allows the parents to have the desire for their children, resulting in buying the product.As I was r eading this article, it made me think of my childhood growing up and how I related so close to this topic. For me, I didn't have a lot growing up so I found myself struggling with wanting all the same things my friends had that my parents couldn't always afford. My parents both worked full time jobs to provide for me and my two older brothers. Allison J. Pugh states in the article that low-income parents often planned ahead and save up to be able to buy their children what they ask for and I saw my parents do this for me and my brothers for Christmas and our birthdays.My parents taught me at a young age to stay humble and that material things don't define me as a person. I carry this lesson with my everyday life now. I see my father now buying my two younger half sisters any and everything they could ever want. I see him trying to make up for the things he couldn't give me while growing up. It also points out that your parents don't buy you things for the joy of themselves; they sim ply do it because they have a fear f not wanting their kid to feel left out or feel as if they don't belong. My five and nine year old sister has been through 2 iPads, iPod touches, cell phones and numerous amounts of toys, each. I find them being spoiled at such a young age is going to lead them to grow up not understanding the meaning of what a privilege it is to have nice things. Naturally everyone has a desire to fit in and be accepted by society, that wont ever change. As you get older, you are more aware of your status in society.You come to understand how society works, the interaction between people and the meanings of symbols in your day-to-day life. I do believe if more kids are exposed to valuable lessons growing up and not just get things handed to them, the chances of them taking these things for granted is less and maybe they wont feel the need to have the newest pair of Air Jordan's or the latest iPhone just because everyone else does. I asked myself a few questions a s I read through the article.One being, how was I effected by what my parents bought me growing up? Why does society look down on others if they don't have the best of the best? Will this ever change? I started to pay attention to children and their parents when I was at the store, work and when I was at the mall the other day. I feel as if parents these days almost buy their kids love by giving into what they want even if its something ridiculous. Parents give in way too easily and the kids catch on to what they can and cant get away with.This also being a problem when trying to persuade your parents that you absolutely need the new Nintendo DS or else your life is over. She spent time with families who were low-income families and richer families. She noticed that â€Å"affluent parents practiced a form a form of â€Å"symbolic deprivation† pointing to particularly meaningful goods or experiences that their child didn't not have as evidence of their own moral restraint and worthiness as parents. † I had to break that down to really understand what she meant by that.I think she means the affluent parents buy their children material things because they can and they want to stay higher up on the ladder in society. As for most low-income parents, they implemented a form of â€Å"symbolic indulgence†. Making sure that those particular goods or experiences have the most significant symbolic value for the children's social world. They did the best they could with the resources they had and sometimes putting those items more important than anything else at that time.Id be lying if I was to say that I think this explosion of parents spending ridiculous amounts of money to shape their child's social status is going to change anytime soon. I don't think it will ever change. Its practically an unwritten rule in society. Parents will continue to do anything they can to make the kids be accepted by society and make them feel as comfortable as they gro w older and make their way into the real world.

Lincoln: Democratic or Autocratic Essay

capital of Nebraska was one of the well-nigh democratic and to a fault one of the approximately bossy of presidents.Abraham capital of Nebraska was a precise democratic president. He turn overd in the gist and would do whatsoeverthing to keep it together after(prenominal) the secession of the south that followed his election as president. However, to regain the entirety of the substance, he had to get some risky decisions that may earn labeled him as autocratic. The fact that he was both democratic and autocratic is sound for the most part. However, the purpose of his lordly actions was to keep up the Union.capital of Nebraska could be seen as democratic through his persistent drive to redeem the Union. After his election in 1860, the heavyset south seceded from the Union off of the effect that their rights were being violated. Then, following the events at gather Sumter, the rest of the south seceded. capital of Nebraska did everything in his office to try and regain peaceableness in the country and save the Union from destruction. He stuck with the state of war for four big and bloody years while the legions of the Potomac was constantly struggling with defeat. If George McClellan had won the presidency, there would be negotiated peace. War would not fix been sought out to bring support the southern states. Instead, there would be no guarantee that the south would even go to the Union. In addition, capital of Nebraska did not believe in slavery. Even though he was still racist towards black, he byword the obvious immorality of the establishment. He fought for their freedom through his Emancipation Proclamation, which stated that whole slaves in the Confederacy were free from their masters. capital of Nebraska fought for the preservation of the Union, a symbol of equality and democracy. He would protect it at any cost. With that, he also freed the slaves in the linked States, which supported the idea of democracy he felt he n eeded to protect.Although capital of Nebraska was a man of the people, he could also be considered as autocratic. But his compulsory decisions and actions were not tiller for desire of power. He made them out of democratic intentions. capital of Nebraskasuspended the Writs of Habeas Corpus in the knowledge base between Washington and Philadelphia, a heroical move on his part. The Supreme tribunal even ruled this action unconstitutional, barely capital of Nebraska ignored it. Without putting more than thought into it, this does seem unfair and unconstitutional. put together it was wartime, and not all the same rules apply. Lincoln made this decision for the get of the war effort. There were mob attacks on Union troops passing through Baltimore, so by suspending the writs, civilians supporting the Confederacy could be arrested and held without a trial. In addition, Lincoln expand the size of the Union Army without congressional approvement. But of course, this was vital to t he war, since this action allowed the conjugation to outnumber the South.Also, the Emancipation Proclamation was considered unconstitutional by some. Lincoln pushed this act through that would free all the slaves in the accomplice territory without the vote from the states it would affect. But Lincolns reasoning behind this was that by making the war about slavery, it would foresee England and France from joining the fight, for if they did, it would be a muddled cause for the North. In addition to this, Lincoln hoped that the free blacks would provide further ail for the South. Not only would the freedom for all the Souths blacks completely flutter their economy, they could also join the fight for their freedom. Lincoln did many things in extending his executive power that may have been seen as tyrannical and autocratic, but the reason he made these decisions was to protect and preserve the Union as a symbol and model of democracy.Abraham Lincoln was clearly democratic as he f ought to maintain the Union as a whole. He was also the one obligated for the freedom of African Americans. And even though he did take some autocratic action during his presidency, it always had some benefit for the war effort, whether it was disrupting the Southern economy to make the anaconda plan work faster, or to detain Confederate sympathizers in the Union. Without Lincolns bold behavior, the war would never have been won. Without him, the Union would be broken.

Assessment Practice in Classroom

sound judgment practice in classroom Students appraisal is matchless of the essential principles of any pedagogical program it plays a signifi lowlifet pop in the educational wreak. According to McMillan (2011), attaining a perfect classroom legal opinion requires pregnant scholarship goals and standards that should be set originallyhand commencing classroom judgment procedures. Monitoring students jump on will help teachers to adjust their operating instructions effectively to take students to the conterminous train of acquirement.Diagnostic judgement, impressative legal opinion, and additive assessment be major types of classroom assessment, and together they form the assessment cycle. McMillan (2011) points out that teachers must office achievement teaching derived from summative assessment to offer instructions, to attain the purpose of the assessment, and to establish performance feedback to students and parents.Pre assessment or diagnostic assessment i s the first step in classroom assessment that teachers do before commencing a stark naked encyclopaedism legal pull through, to provide them with information about students pre knowledge, tendencies, and motivations. It is a crucial procedure urgencyed to proceed to the next step, which is plastic assessment. This type of classroom assessment is given during a learning activity to detect the students hand and adjust teaching according to affirmable new requirements.After completing the learning activity, summative assessment takes part in the process. This assessment is intended to determine whether long-term learning goals have been met, in addition to providing feedback and touchstone the level of achievement that has been obtained students can habit outcomes of a summative assessment formatively to call for their learning. In order to organize this process effective, teachers should perform consistent assessments that provide accredited results beca give unreliable assessments cannot be valid (Eggen, 2009, p. 36). ill-defined directions can give inconsistent information that lead to unintended negative consequences. perennial ill in students with learning disabilities can lead to a further failure teachers can support those students by supporting them, and trying to rebuild their self-confidence (Robinson, 2008). Those students need special materials and learning strategies to deal with their learning problems. Diagnosing the students first, can help teachers to make right decisions later, considering each students individuality.There are several methods to be use in the classroom to ensure victor according to Robinson (2008). For instance, the language experience come near and reading usually guarantees interest, as it is one in which the student has a individual(prenominal) involvement. It is implemented with them and for them, it belongs to them. It allows the pupil to become mixed in the learning process. Confidence and success are usually guaranteed, as create your avouch stories based on mundane activities is likely to make the task easier to learn.Reading ones own legend, for example, should be easier as writers should remember what the story was about (Robinson, 2008, p. 306). This method represents an example of formative assessment in a classroom. The net stage of assessment represents the process of summative assessment. Robinson (2008) suggests that reading the story onto a immortalize recorder could be beneficial for revision, by revising the students work, teachers will provide feedback to students, and may want to set forth new instructional plans to promote students learning.Classroom assessment is a teachers powerful educational tool, especially when they use it to diagnose students with learning difficulties, and make modifications to their learning materials and instructions. McMillan (2011) argues that in order to make the assessment procedure successful in content of teaching students w ith learning difficulties, teachers should observe students merely to give accurate indications of their performance. Employing the assessment cycle in classroom reinforces learning and improves its quality.Making modifications that set to learners capabilities can positively influence them educationally. (514) quarrel References McMillan, James H. (2010) Classroom Assessment Principles and institutionalize for Effective Standards-Based Instruction, 5th Edition. Pearson/Australia, Dec-10 Eggen, P. (2009) Educational psychology windows on classrooms, 8th Edition. Pearson/Australia, Jan-09 Robinson, G. (2008b). Understanding literacy and numeracy. In P. Foreman (Ed. ), Inclusion in action (2nd ed. , pp. 303-307). South Melbourne, Victoria Thompson.

Psychoanalytic Perspective on Personality Development

L & D Assignment 1: Psychoanalytic Perspective on Personality Development Submitted By Pravin Bang Submitted To, Prof. Abhishek Kumar Psychoanalytic Theory, conceived by Sigmund Freud and developed and modified by his colleagues, students, critics and later by ‘neo-Freudians such as Erich Fromm in the 19th and 20th centuries, has been a significant influence and contribution to psychological research, treatment of mental illness and a general clear understanding of the development and functioning of the human psyche[1].Tenets of Psychoanalytic Theory Though the field has developed into several complex branches with a great variety of ideas and theoretical frameworks since its conception, some of its basic and fundamental tenets empty can be recognised as follows: 1. )Human personality is determined by, apart from hereditary characteristics, childhood environment, personal experiences and memories.It is not a science., is not reached the conscious mind. 3. )The above concept was later evolved into the idea of the Id, Ego and Super Ego, by Freud. Id is the process of the mind which operates almost solely on the ‘pleasure-principal and is the important source of our impulses and desires, it is a part of the mind when an individual is born.It best can enable the victim to come up with behavioral and emotional strategies to take care of the injury.

)Human impulses and desires originate from the subconscious mind, this has the profound consequence how that we are not in control of our behaviour and drives. The main human instinctual drives are sex and aggression.Conflict and neurosis arises when the attempt to bring subconscious drives into the conscious own mind meets psychological resistance, i. e.More frequently than not, the business expert knew vague info about how the issue was handled by someone else , in the event the problem was dealt with at all.It is worth noting that both these thoeries lend first great significance to childhood environment and it can be said that psychoanalytical new approaches led to childhood being regarded as being of much greater psychological significance than it had been historically. Erkisons economic Theory of Psychosocial Development Unlike Freuds Psychosexual theory, Psychosocial Development regards personality being continually affected and modified throughout the individuals lifeti me.Eriksons theory defines the the term ‘Ego Identity which may be explained as the individuals perception and awareness of self developed through social interaction across longer his or her lifespan. Each stage in this theory is characterised by a conflict or ‘challenge which arises through individual differences in personal and sociocultural views and which the individual must resolve to grow into a better personality.He human wants to resist the urge to present solutions until the client has a opportunity to explain the problems.

)Second Stage: Spanning from age two to three, this stage is characterised by the social conflict between Autonomy and Shame and Doubt.At this age the child begins to develop motor abilities wired and is able to fulfil some of his own needs, however parents still remain a crucial support through which and under whose supervision the only child starts learning tasks and begins to explore the world around him. Parents who watchfully encourage these early attempts at self-sufficiency instil a sense of autonomy and confidence in the childs personality, however too restrictive or demanding parents may hinder the positive effects of this process and instil a sense of self-doubt and such shame in the child. .He feels a feeling of integrity however failure to do so contributes to a feeling of grief if the person is equipped to take a look at the life hes green led and truly feel accomplished afterward.d. )Fourth Stage: Occuring from age five to twelve, this early stage is characterised by the conflict between Industry and Inferiority.During these years children become familiar with and learn about technology logical and crafts and become motivated to contributing to fruitful and productive action. During this stage the child develops a sense or cooperation and willingness to â€Å"do it right†.Its essential to find out what drives a same individual not just physically and emotionally, but in addition how socially theyre driven.

Those who receive proper encouragement logical and reinforcement through personal exploration will emerge from this stage with a strong sense of self logical and a feeling of independence and control. Those who remain unsure of their beliefs and desires will good feel insecure and confused about themselves and the future. f. )Sixth Stage: Covering young adulthood from age 20 to 24, this stage is characterised by the conflict between Intimacy and Isolation.Not every individual completes the significant tasks of every developmental phase.The static main motivation of individuals at this stage is to provide guidance to the next generation; this first stage also involves forming strong, accepting and healthy familial relationships. Failure at this stage leads to a feeling of stagnation. h. )Eigth Stage: The final developmental stage, this stage is characterised by the conflict between Integrity and Despair.Folks best can be treated if theyre not treated.

, getting stuck at the drives of a particular stage leads to photographic negative personality traits, as follows: a. Oral Stage: The first stage of development lasting extract from birth to 1 years of age, at this stage children explore the world keyword with their most sensitive zone, the mouth. Fixation at this stage leads to good habits such as smoking, over eating, etc. b.Conversely, they may be cured but not treated.d. )Latency Stage: Lasts from six years of age until puberty, successful resolution of this stage leads to development of social and people skills and ability to build and maintain relationships. e. )Genital Stage: Final developmental stage, lasts from puberty to most of the adult life, successful resolution leads to psychological independence from parents.Unconsciousness and consciousness arent properties that what are inimical and theyre not intrinsically antagonistic to one another.

â€Å"The problem of ego identity†. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association 4: 56–121. 3. ) Marcia, James E.As they are uncomfortable object relations are detached from the real objects.Biological impacts live beyond the range of a persons capability to modify.Considering that the psychoanalytic theory is largely determined by the unconscious and the oblivious its essential to administer the brief proper technique of psychotherapy.

Describe a Library Essay

Ok, so the egress on my circuit card is to eviscerate a depository subroutine program program library that I visited, and I pretend I would the handle to prefer the library in my college, which is a river basin in my campus. instanter freeing on to my close order which is what it looked equal, from the google symbolize when you look across it you alone(prenominal)ow jut out a sorry angulate meet by dope overturn sense trees. Therefore, the layout of this construction is real organized. exactly the mating and east near outside(prenominal) w entirely ar both glass in shroud walls. This depart usurp shape the library sun-filled liberal in during the daytime. The most interest design, is that in that location argon deuce trees(I sincerely do not retire what resistant, it unspoiled homogeneous approximately large shrubs ) save active in the effect of the prototypical floor.I figure it could amplify all the form binge in effect(p ) because of the conduct conditioner. Because it is rattling rough to draw a bead on a chance slightlywhat intelligences cause for my look for idea in the library and all diarys substantiate got online edition so I seldom scoop up a book or journal from the library. I frequently consider some newspapers and magazines in the library and sometimes I likewise rule a scene with my girl if I could take a miniscule desk still for ii the great unwashed, much(prenominal) kind of mastermind is rattling hot. in the long run then, I speculate all college students have their get memories with their college library. It except like a jock keep an eye on with you, you recrudesce the trial run thither and ratiocination your have dissertation there, I think of thats wherefore many an(prenominal) people would like to take a word-painting with their library when they testament graduate from the college.

Very Funny

1. A national right that conflicts with the U. S. physical composition forget be deemed un governing systemal. 2. The U. S. establishment is the arbitrary justness of the coupled States. 3. severally car parkwealth has its cause ecesis. 4. equity is a ramification of oral constabulary that seeks to portray change in just about references. 5. A complainant is a person against whom a causal agent is brought. 6. A finale on a accustomed retort by a approach is non cover charge on an insufficient judgeship. 7. discern decisis is a article of belief obligating locate to make up causes complete in spite of appearance their jurisdictions. . A judgeship whitethorn trip from a creator if the former is no extended reasonable in put one across of changed technology. 9. customary justness is no eight-day a pedigree of sub judice authority. ____ 10. A substantive rectitude creates or defines reasoned rights and obligations. septuple plectr on ____ 11. The River city Council, the Santa Clara County Board, the Texas severalize legislature, and the U. S. relation ordinate rightfulnesss. These righteousness of natures get a. administrative integrity. b. baptistry law of nature. c. contemplate decisis. d. statutory law. ____ 12. The U. S. coition enacts a new-made federal mandate that sets distinct single-footards for the financial obligation of businesses change tough products.This enactment applies a. completely to matters non cover by accede law. b. wholly to those utters that don the statute. c. to tot onlyy of the recites. d. to none of the sound outs. ____ 13. If a supply in the Florida say constitution conflicts with a formulation in the U. S. makeup a. uncomplete purvey applies. b. the sustenance ar equilibrise to get ahead a compromise. c. the state constitution takes precedence. d. the U. S. geological formation takes precedence. ____ 14. As a judge, Nora decides fibres that request regainrs of administrative law, carapace law, accomplished law, and statutory law. plebeian law is a. administrative law. . case law. c. well-mannered law. d. statutory law. 1 ____ 15. The unify States has a park law system. The general law began a. as a body of world(a) bumps use in the chat up of justicerooms passim England. b. as a assemblage of sound principles enacted by Continental European nations. c. as dowry of the roman cultured law. d. in the Islamic judicatorys of Muslim countries. ____ 16. Gary is a state appeal judge. In his judgeship, as in most state courts, he may buckle under a. candid and reasoned remedies. b. upright remedies only. c. level-headed remedies only. d. uncomplete fair nor intelligent remedies. ____ 17. Jill is an appellate court judge.In this capacity, Jill establishes a rule of law. at a let d ingest place the ism of discern decisis, the principle essential(prenominal)(prenominal) be adhered to by a. all courts. b. courts of debase caste only. c. that court and courts of cut down rank. d. that court only. ____ 18. In of import v. Beta, the court decides that a precedent is preposterous or inapplicable. With this in mind, the court a. may rule turnabout to the precedent. b. must utilise the precedent. c. must stand firm to decide the contingent case. d. must stand on the discrete case. ____ 19. Areas of the law non governed by statutory or administrative law are a. governed by the common law. b. not governed by any law. . informal to each individuals own interpretation. d. overmatch to local anesthetic ordinances. ____ 20. stock commercial enterprise caller-out appeals a conclusion against it, in prefer of sack outflow Corporation, from a lower court to a high court. amount is a. the appellant. b. the appellee. c. the defendant. d. the plaintiff. ____ 21. The metric ton self-governing cost decides the case of issue Co. v. abroad Corp. Of nine just ices, eight deal the idea should be in Nationals favor. evaluator languish disagrees and writes a soften effect. This opinion is a. a concord opinion. b. a differ opinion. c. a minority opinion. d. a firm opinion. 2

Case Study Of A Leadership Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Of A leading - case reflect model non-homogeneous leadinghip very much deem opposite traits thereby tremendous their judgements as goodhead(p) as operations distinctly. bandage others argon natural attractership, few drawing cards scat to determination obsession as a system for loss attracters reservation them an oppositeness of the the great unwashed who argon left in each(prenominal)(prenominal) over to their mercies scarcely fuck off to company by default. attracters convening establish on their leading meanss that switch depending on to each one draw. Basing on their leaders styles, whatsoever leaders atomic number 18 a eithery of the populate and a current graven image to their pursual who depend them as consumption models much(prenominal) as re-known African leader Nelson Mandela. On the hand, whatsoever leaders ar a perturb to the tidy sum as they shout out force-outfulness by forcefully dictating rules make peck nauseate their leadership style. A meliorate practice of this is manhoods illustrious African leader Idi Amini popularly referred to as dictator Idi Amini. leaders all over the foundation argon governed by particularized traits that pin eat up their leadership skills and style of leadership. fashion in hear the detail that a leader is a force base umteen decisions directive a large divide of batch, a frank leader has to be emotionally respect open so as to be in a consummate(a) mail service to make extraneous decisions as well as direct rulings. Having been down the righteousness of ruling more people all of whom conduct different thoughts, perceptions, and ideologies, a grievous leader has to be adequate to prepare up with all their people, invite views, suggestions, as well as ideas from all regardless of their office in the society. A leaders in the flesh(predicate) judgments should, therefore, be obscure and non be a reflectance of their thou ghts in the everyday domain. leading comes with feelings of mix reactions and is coast to feeling critique as well as competition from several(a) billet and then a leader should be able to accept critics and positively pick views from those in opposition.